Introduction of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus as it is called is common in human beings, although it occurs in other species too. The term diabetes means an excessive discharge of urine. The term mellitus (sweet) indicates that the urine in this condition contains excess sugar.

Mechanism of Digestive Process

Fats, minerals, vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates make a wholesome diet. Of these, fats, proteins and carbohydrates are the three main constituents of food. The deficiency or absorption of any of the above, affects the body. In diabetes, due to lack or non-availability of insulin, carbohydrates cannot be utilized for energy and get accumulated.

We get carbohydrates from cereals, fruits, vegetables like potatoes, cakes, sugar, sweets etc. These carbohydrates in normal people is first broken down into glucose by the saliva in the mouth and then in the stomach and the small intestine. This glucose, distributed by the blood to all parts of the body, is burned down to provide energy for the body and also releases carbon-dioxide and water, which are excreted through exhalation and the kidney. The remaining glucose is stored in the liver muscle cells in the form of glycogen, which is later used, when energy is required. The glucose also reaches the adipose tissue and is converted into triglycerides which are stored in the form of fat. So people who consume an excess of carbohydrates tend to become fat. Thus, in every human body, a blood-glucose level is maintained for proper brain and heart functions.